Teaching is not a cup of tea. It is a complex task. To accomplish this task, teaching has to go through different phases. Therefore, a well-organized plan is needed. There are three different phases of teaching. Through these stages, we can easily achieve the goals of teaching.

Phases of Teaching

Three phases of teaching are: Pre active phase, Inter active phase and Post active phase. These phases are given by Philip Jackson.

Pre-active Phase:

It is the planning stage of teaching. Organising of teaching occurs in this stage. In this stage teacher plans his teaching and thinks about what necessary steps he needs to include to make teaching successful. Activities involved in this phase are:

Deciding objectives:

Before entering the classroom, the teacher formulates the learning objectives. These objectives are based on cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills.

Selection of content:

In the next step, the teacher selects the subject matter which is to be taught in the classroom. The content which is to be selected should be well-structured and relevant to the curriculum.

Sequence of content:

After the selection of content, the teacher arranged the content in a logical and psychological manner so that students could use the knowledge of content in other subjects.

Selection of teaching methods:

In the next step, a teacher should decide on teaching strategies to achieve educational objectives. Teachers could use different methods and strategies such as lecture method, discussion method, lecture cum demonstration, inquiry-based learning, and project-based learning.

Implementation:

In the last activity of this phase, the teacher decides when and how to use above selected teaching strategies in the classroom.

Inter-active Phase

It is also called the execution stage. In this stage, the teacher engages with the students and facilitates learning. Both verbal and non-verbal interactions occur during this stage.

Know your learners:

After entering the classroom the first thing teacher has to do is to judge the class as a whole. He should throw his eyes on all the students for a moment so that he can judge the personality and etiquette of students.

Test Previous knowledge:

Before the presentation of content, a teacher should check the previous knowledge of the students. Teacher can test this by asking a few questions related to the previously taught topic.

Presentation of content:

All the content which is planned in the first phase will be delivered here. To deliver the content, teachers can use different teaching strategies as mentioned in the first phase. While presenting the content, teacher should keep in mind that it will be a two-way interaction.

Use of micro-teaching skills:

For better content delivery, teachers can use various micro-teaching skills such as the skill of questioning, skill of reinforcement, skill of explaining, skill of stimulus variation etc. It will ensure effective learning and stimulate student thinking and learning.

Post-active Phase

Check behavioural changes:

At the end of the teaching-learning process, teacher should check what kinds of behavioural changes occur in the students.

Evaluation:

In this stage, teacher reflects on the teaching-learning process. The teacher evaluates the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process through formal assessment and informal assessment.

One of the Important parts of this phase is real-time assessment and feedback. It reinforces learning and helps students correct their mistakes.