Biodiversity refers to a variety of life forms (plants, animals and microorganisms) found in a particular region. It is the measure of the variety of the Earth’s animal, plant and microbial species.
Biodiversity is also known as biological diversity. The term biodiversity was given by Walter G. Rosen in 1986 and was reintroduced by E.O. Wilson in 1994.
Values of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is essential for multiple reasons. Every species has the right to exist and contribute to ecosystems. It also plays a vital role in maintaining balance and protecting against environmental disruptions.
Furthermore, biodiversity provides practical benefits to humans, such as crucial resources, sustaining life, and support for economic activities. By appreciating and preserving biodiversity, we ensure a sustainable future for ourselves and the planet. Biodiversity includes the following values:
1. Ecological Value
The ecological value of biodiversity plays an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. Many environmental services such as the production of oxygen, maintaining the nutrient cycle, pollination and dispersal, climate regulation, maintaining soil fertility, preventing soil erosion, reduction of carbon dioxide, maintaining the water cycle etc. are provided by biodiversity.
2. Economic Value
The economy is directly or indirectly dependent on the biological diversity of the biosphere. biodiversity holds its significance in pharmaceutical industries, forestry and timber industries, fisheries, tourism and recreation services, pollination services, cultural, and aesthetic services.
3. Scientific Value
The scientific value of biodiversity is immense. Biodiversity allows scientists to explore the mechanisms that cause species diversification over time.
Each species has its own unique set of traits that contribute to the overall health and resilience of an ecosystem. By studying these diverse life forms, students can gain insights into ecological processes such as pollination, seed dispersal and nutrient cycle.
4. Genetic ValueThe genetic value of biodiversity can be understood by recognizing that each species possesses a unique set of genes that have evolved over millions of years. These gene traits enable organisms to adapt and survive in their specific habitats.
Biotechnologists can exploit the genetic materials of plants and animals to develop high yielding and pest resistant varieties.
The medicinal value of biodiversity is not only crucial for maintaining human health but also holds great potential for advancing medical science.
Many modern medicines are obtained from plants. For example:
• Aspirin was originally derived from the bark of a willow tree.
• Penicillin, the oldest antibiotic is obtained from penicillium (genus of fungi).
• Quinie obtained from yellow cinchona is used for malaria treatment.
6. Social value and Cultural valueOne of the key social values of biodiversity lies in its contribution to human well-being. It supports cultural diversity by preserving unique species and landscapes.
Culturally, biodiversity holds its value as it shapes our identities and traditions. Different cultures around the world have developed unique relationships with their local ecosystems over centuries.
7. Recreational valueBiodiversity offers recreational value that enhances our quality of life. Diverse flora and fauna provide opportunities for outdoor activities. These activities foster a sense of connection with the environment.
Observing leaves changing color in autumn, smelling the aroma of wild-flowers, watching the dance of peacock etc. are some of the pleasurable experiences that cannot be bought with money.
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